Kai Staats: writing

Blue Jeans and Cell Phones, From L.A. to Cape Town

Blue jeans remain the prevalent trouser. Indians, Canadians, French, and South Africans too, they all wear blue jeans. I wonder if there was ever such an international attire before denim?

A boy of three or four years of age opens a clamshell toy. There are four primary buttons, each of which cause a different song to play. A synthesized female voice speaks Chinese, and he responds. Some of the songs are what I assume to be of Chinese origin, some of European tradition, classical music which I do not recognize.

I close my laptop and watch him. He notices. His father sees that I am paying attention and directs the boy to share his toy with me. I hold my hands, palms up, waiting. He walks toward me but does not fully engaged. He plays four songs successively, each for only a few seconds. I see that our exchange may be rather limited, so I played music from my cell phone, a kind of call and response. For a moment I was reminded of the musical exchange in “Close Encounters of a Third Kind” but neither I nor the boy were willing to climb on-board the alien ship, it seemed.

A man sat across from my, carrying nothing but a candy bar style cell phone. Mid-thirties, European I believe, he reminded me of the robber I encountered in Paris, casually dressed with shiny, pointed shoes. I watched him as he looked out the glass wall to my left. Every now and again his eyes would glance at my two carry-on cases, one of which contained my Canon C100 camera, the other my lenses and 60D. Combined, there is roughly $15,000 in value. My instinct said I did not want to fall to sleep with this man in my presence, but logic said he was inside the security arena, meaning he would have had to purchase a ticket in order to steal and risk getting caught before his plane departed. Nonetheless, I packed my things and moved to another location, never revealing the contents of my Pelican case or shoulder bag.

Toddlers run like chimpanzees, their legs moving in small semi-circles more than direct, front to back motions as with adults. They attempt to keep up with their parents who better understand the urgency of making the departing gate on time.

The small woman behind the counter of a small cafe wore a tight, button down shirt. It seemed the buttons might pop from the outward pressure of her breasts. She did not smile, not even when thanked by her customers. I asked if she was having a good day and she answered honestly, “It’s ok. Just ok.”

I was again reminded of the mixed blessing and curse to have been born with English as my native language language as I could almost expect anyone selling anything in any major airport in the European Union and near East to understand my words. The downside being the reduced motivation to learn a second, third, or fifth language fluently, forever stuck in one way of seeing the world through one vocabulary and associated cultural context.

The airport in Istanbul was wonderfully devoid of power sockets, perhaps just one or two per gate waiting area. At the far end of each was a place where the carpet was replaced with tile flooring. A five man Capuera dance team was practicing. I recalled the lessons I took in Fort Collins a few years prior, and how much I enjoyed the new means by which my body could move. These guys were very good, successfully giving the roots of break-dancing a new birth.

Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, French, German, Dutch, Ethiopian, South African, Canadian and American (of the United States) all easily recognized by apparel, language, and physical interactions. Some rest in the chairs with legs open wide, full personal space taken while others minimize their presence, small, somewhat isolated. The Americans, when in groups, talking, talking, always talking. Easy to spot, most of the time.

A group of Asian men and women, very small in stature, sat in a double circle, barefoot, all facing out. They preferred the floor to the chairs provided, each of them wearing full body gowns on top of what I assume to be one more layers beneath. Deep red-brown skin weathered. Cracked lips and wrinkled eyes. Slight smiles which conveyed, to me, a depth of contentment more than a momentary impulse or temporarily delight.

In the Men’s toilet I was again reminded of personal rituals which seem to find foundation in cultural norms. I would never conceive to clear my nose in a public sink, and yet, this unfolded. Cup hands, splash face, blow nose. Three times followed by a quick padding of face and neck with paper towels. Not just one man, but a successive number, all the same routine. I had seen something like this in Kenya too, the Chinese construction engineers conducting a face and mouth washing routine which seemed to move in sets of three, loud and obnoxious by my standards, water splashed across the counter, mirror, and onto the floor.

I wonder if they, if any of us are truly aware of our own routines, some silent counting system in our heads telling us when we are complete. I have noticed that dogs and cats too tend to drink water in certain sets of laps, three or four quite common, if left uninterrupted.

On the plane a baby cries for what seemed like an hour. Her mother exhausted, uncertain what to do, sits down and just lets it go on. I kept thinking of this infant, lying in a wall mounted bin, unable to see her mother. The vibration of the engines and not so subtle movement of the total system certainly unfamiliar. The air pressure change alone is enough to make her scream, yet for me, the man snoring two seats to my rear is far less tolerable. I will take a crying child over snoring any day.

We are just an hour now from Johannesburg, South Africa, where this plane will stop but I will not depart. One final, third leg from Los Angeles to Cape Town, more than twenty four hours in flight, in all, another 6 in transit from Phoenix by road and six in lay-over in Istanbul.

I opened a printed novel for the first time since mid November and this, my second essay since the same time. In roughly three hours, I will land in my new home.

By |2017-04-10T11:17:36-04:00March 3rd, 2014|2014, From the Road, Out of Africa|0 Comments

MarsCrew134

MarsCrew134

Simulated off-world, isolated habitats (analogs) have been used by universities and government sponsored space programs for decades as a means of conducting astronaut training, psychological and food studies, and to test equipment and new technologies which will be used in real space programs.Since 2001 the Mars Society’s Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) has hosted researchers, scientists, and engineers who work to test hypothesis, conduct simulated field work, and gain experience living and working in the physical and social confines of an analog.

Every minute of every day is spent in simulation—scientific experiments, exploration of the environment, food preparation, even delayed communication with the outside world is an analog of living on the planet Mars.

On January 18, 2014 a crew of six highly qualified scientists and engineers and one documentary film maker entered the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) in the high, winter desert near Hanksville, Utah, for the duration of two weeks.

Watch the films which document their experience …

By |2017-04-10T11:17:36-04:00February 1st, 2014|Film & Video|Comments Off on MarsCrew134

Bringing Mars Rover Design Down to Earth

As published by Space.com
January 29, 2014

Kai Staats, documentary filmmaker and member of the MarsCrew134 team, contributed this article to SPACE.com’s Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights.

I recall the first time I stepped into the red coveralls, pulled on the backpack, and with the help of a crew mate, closed the acrylic dome over my head to become part of MarsCrew134. Immediately, the sensation of a real expedition on the Martian terrain was suddenly made real. I could hear my own breathing, the cool air blowing across my face inside my helmet. The sound of those around me in the staging area was muffled and difficult to understand. Once outside, the glare of the Utah desert sun refracted in the scratches of the helmet’s visor, which has seen many Crews come and go over the years.

The Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) is the second simulated Mars surface exploration habitat and analog research station, owned and operated by the Mars Society. Pioneered by Mars Society member Shannon Rupert, the society built MDRS outside of Hanksville, Utah, in the early 2000s.

NASA had used analogs for decades as a means of conducting research, testing equipment and conducting food and psychological tests to both improve methods of space travel and train astronauts — MDRS built upon that experience. In the years since Rupert envisioned the station, she has always remained fully engaged. Run entirely by a volunteer staff, it is a major endeavor, from managing the water supply, fuel, food, plumbing and generators to staffing a daily Mission Control from 7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. every night. Each MDRS team delivers no less than 27 reports each day, measuring water consumption and fuel, and providing engineering, medical, and greenhouse updates.

When in the field, I knew the hardware we wore only moved outside air into our lungs — there was nothing but a mechanical connection between the helmet and the modest, home-built suits, worn and in need of repair. Yet, there was a certain excitement, an anticipation of the first, mock, extra-vehicular activity (EVA) of the day, which was amplified by the effort required to open the station’s airlock door.

I helped Ewan Reid, a Canadian electrical engineer, roboticist and member of MarsCrew134 configure the carrying deck of the RoadNarrows Kuon rover: a prototype, large-scale, multipurpose, wheeled, payload platform. The rover carried our payload, a laptop coupled with a pair of cameras that provide stereo vision for terrain mapping. Quarter-twenty bolts, zip-ties with mounting-holes, and kite string serve as mounting points and tie-downs for a machine capable of moving four hundred pounds at twenty miles per hour.

[Mock Mars Mission Photos: Life on a Simulated Red Planet ]

My gloves were thick (by design), making the use of any tools smaller than a hammer tricky — and tying knots in multi-strand, nylon cord nearly impossible. In our field excursion, the helmet visor fogged over and I was forced to wait for it to clear before completing the modification. We required more than one hour for what would have been fifteen minutes effort in a proper lab, or even a field exercise in which we were not wearing thick, simulated spacesuit gloves.

We powered on the rover, remote laptop and Xbox360 controller that served as the remote control for the rover, and … nothing. The Linux application which controls the rover provided by RoadNarrows yielded the proper response, echoing on-screen our controller key presses in succession, but the rover remained immobile.

Through hand radios, our stand-in for the remote communications that will be available to astronauts on Mars, Ewan and I discussed what we believed to be the cause of this lack of communication. We moved from hardware to operating system to application to driver, trying to determine the point of failure.

After a power cycle of both the hand-held laptop and the rover, the two hundred and seventy pound wheeled platform lurched forward with power to tow a truck (as RoadNarrows has demonstrated in the alley behind their Colorado shop). For safety, it is important to not stand near either end of this machine, for its shell is metal and wheels are designed to crawl over rough terrain.

The rover spun, hesitated and lurched forward with the push of the Xbox joystick, and then — nothing. No response, even after two power cycles. The harsh shadows of the setting sun alerted us to the little time remaining in the day, another come and gone too quickly on a simulated Mars.

Once inside the MDRS habitat — where we live, work, eat, and sleep — we communicated via email with RoadNarrows to learn the source of what is likely a wi-fi override, two devices fighting within the same frequency domain. The company instructed us on how to access the settings via the rover’s self-hosted website (the rover has its own on-board web interface), and we knew the next day we should be ready for a proper, long-range, terrain-mapping excursion.

This is field testing, where all solid systems break down and the real world steps in. This is why we are here. We cannot simply pick up our cell phones to call for assistance when there is a problem. We do not carry network-enabled tablets, nor can we overnight a part from Amazon. Outside of analogs in the polar regions, this is as real as it gets.

After the excursion, Reid and I manually rolled the rover back to its parking spot outside the green habitat and returned to the airlock, toolbox and laptops in hand. Twenty minutes later, the entire crew was walking around in indoor slippers, light shoes and flip-flops, greeting each other to learn about research and plans for the evening.

This is not faked. This is not a scripted story. This is not pretend. Each and every day we engage in real research with real challenges. Each day we learn something through our own projects, and through those of our colleagues.

The Mars Desert Research Station may be an analog, but it generates an opportunity for learning like few others on Earth … until we someday arrive at Mars.

To learn more about MarsCrew134, visit www.marscrew134.org.

By |2017-04-10T11:17:36-04:00January 30th, 2014|From the Road|0 Comments

Supernova SN2014J, a photo essay

Supernova SN2014J by Kai Staats

A photo of the supernovae in the galaxy M82, taken my last night at MDRS, Musk Observatory. Three hours setup, alignment, hunting, and experimentation with the camera. If the scope was tracking properly, I would have preferred a 5-10 minute exposure at a lower ISO. This is 1600 ISO and 1 minute. Not bad, for 3:30 am.

By |2021-02-09T00:47:05-04:00January 2nd, 2014|Ramblings of a Researcher|Comments Off on Supernova SN2014J, a photo essay

The Memory of Silence

Tonight will be my very last night here at Buffalo Peak Ranch. This place has given me six months of peace, solitude, and healing. I have found what feels like who I truly am for the first time in my adult life. Such comfort with being me. Amazing.

There was a time when the entire planet was like this place, free from noise and congestion. Just fifty years ago we did not have the constant buzz of aircraft overhead. One hundred and we heard only the sound of horses and wooden wheels. Two hundred–just six generations prior–and we were not even to the Industrial Revolution.

Now, there are only a few places remaining on this globe which are free of human clutter. Audible, physical, tangible infiltration of every sense during our entire life, from first breath to last gasp.

We even have cliche terms such as “tune out” to pretend this noise is acceptable. I have failed to find the switch inside which disables the long term detriment to my soul. I now know, I have solid evidence that nothing, no amount of meditation or insulated walls or power vacations will ever replace the healing of nearly two hundred days and nights of perfect, natural silence.

I hope only that I am able to maintain this sense of solitude and peace inside, no matter where I travel. No matter the traffic, the rumble, the sirens, the tension in the density of viral human populations on this planet–I hope I will recall what it meant to watch the sun set and hear those sounds which never ever tire–the wind, the fall of rain, the occasional bugle of the elk and nightly call of the coyotes–the perfection of absolutely nothing.

By |2017-04-10T11:17:36-04:00November 25th, 2013|At Home in the Rockies|0 Comments

The Bliss of Solitude, Revisited

In this place of solitude, there is no room for blame. There is no one to receive the pointy end of my finger, but me. As my days unfold into weeks, and weeks into the close of four months, two of which I have spent almost entirely alone, I recognize that the challenges of being me do not fully subside.

Instead, my anxieties, my fears, my resentment, contentment, and joy all remain completely present and accounted for. Not a day goes by that I do not experience a mixture of two or more of these.

Yes, alone, they are no longer murky, no longer confused by the complexity of relationship with another human being. I am alone, and in this aloneness, have come to experience all of me in perfect clarity.

I cannot help but consider the old man in the cave, the monk sworn to a monastic life, or the shipwrecked sailor who for years is stranded on what would otherwise be a paradise.

We simultaneously cherish and shutter at the thought of that path, that journey, knowing full well the challenge of working through your own internal, broken stuff is as difficult, perhaps more so, than learning to be with another. Or are they the same?

Perhaps. Perhaps not.

Only in publishing this did I rediscover an entry of the same title, on a similar subject, written a year prior. Interesting to revisit and compare my experience of solitude, a year later, both times after having lived at Buffalo Peak Ranch alone.

By |2017-04-10T11:17:36-04:00November 22nd, 2013|At Home in the Rockies|0 Comments

Digital Film – Storage

In the world of digital media, where storage read and write rates directly affect the time required to locate and open a source file, and then later render to drive, we want the fastest drive available to us, and the best interconnect from the computer to that storage medium.

There is quite a bit of marketing fluff in the industry around data storage devices. The most common misconception is the difference between the designed capacity of the channel and that of the attached device, given overhead, latency, and distance traveled which results in data loss and subsequent slower rates.

Internal
SATA I (rev 1.0) – 1.5 Gbit/s – 150 MB/s or 1,200 Mb/s real-world function
SATA II (rev 2.0) – 3 Gbit/s – 300 MB/s or 2,400 Mb/s real-world function
SATA III (rev 3.0) – 6 Gbit/s – 600 MB/s or 5,000 Mb/s real-world function

External
USB 1.1 – 12 Mbit/s
USB 2.0 – 480 Mbit/s
USB 3.0 – 5 Gbit/s
Thunderbolt – 10 Gbit/s

TESTS
On a 2013 MacBook Pro, using OSX, I moved approximately 5GB data by both copy (drag-n-drop) and rsync (executed from the terminal), from an internal SATA III Hybrid drive to an external USB 3.0 drive with the following results:

  1. rsync reported 50MB/s transfer or 480Mbit/s which is exactly USB 2.0 speeds.
  2. copy (desktop drag-n-drop) – 1GB every 15-18 seconds (using a lap counter) where …

    1GB * 8 = 8Gbit / 15 = 533,333,333 or about 500Mbit/s; and
    1GB * 8 = 8Gbit / 18 = 444,444,444 or about 444Mbit/s

CONCLUSION
What I have read about rsync versus cp (copy) is true — they are identical when making fresh copies. If, however, you are using rsync to conduct a comparative update, where data between the source and target is compared for modification dates, copied and / or deleted, then this process will of course require more time.

As for the total data throughput, however, the ABOUT THIS MAC profile states my USB 3.0 devices are enabled to transfer up to 5GB/s, but clearly, they are running at EXACTLY USB 2.0 speeds which means USB 2.0 is the limiting factor, not the drives. I have read reports (as of July 2012) that while Apple claims to support USB 3.0, they have not enabled the driver to force people to upgrade to Thunderbolt adapters.

More testing is needed with my current laptop, between the internal SATA III SSD and an external SSD.

Stay tuned …

By |2014-05-25T23:33:28-04:00November 13th, 2013|Film & Video|0 Comments

Digital Film – Product Comparison

Having spent more than two months researching, reading about, watching reviews, and testing various digital cameras, this is a compilation of the data I gathered which I felt was relevant to my work as a film maker.

It does not include hi-end cameras such as the RED or Arri. It is a comparison of DSLRs, mirrorless, and full-featured digital film cameras, all within the price range of $1000-5500 USD (with the Canon C300 added to the bottom to show that the C100 + Ninja II is equivalent in performance to the C300 with the added bonus of the Apple ProRes compression codec).

Canon 60D: $700

Sensor Size: 22.3 x 14.9mm (APS-C)
Effective Pixels: 5200 x 3462 pixels (18.0 megapixels)
Crop factor: 1.6
ND Filter: no
Autofocus: yes (not continuous)
ISO: 100 – 12800
Codec: MPEG-4 (AVC?) / H.264
Colour space: 4:2:0 (4:2:2 raw w/Magic Lantern)
Maximum Bit rate: __ Mbps

Canon 70D: $1100

Sensor Size: 22.5mm x 15.0mm (APS-C)
Effective Pixels: 5472 x 3648 (20.2 Megapixels)
Crop factor: 1.6 (or slightly less?)
ND Filter: no
Autofocus: yes + continuous
ISO: 100 – 12800
Codec: MPEG-4 AVC / H.264
Colour space: 4:2:0 (4:2:2 raw w/Magic Lantern)
Maximum Bit rate: 91.3 Mbps (ALL-I) or 31 Mbps (IPB)

Panasonic GH3K: $1300

Sensor Size: 17.3 x 13.0mm (4/3)
Effective Pixels: 4608 x 3456 (16 Megapixels)
Crop factor: 1.6
ND Filter: no
Autofocus: yes
ISO: 200 – 12,800
Codec: AVCHD Ver2.0, MPEG4-AVC H.264
Colour space: 4:2:0 compressed / 4:2:2 uncompressed
Maximum Bit rate: 72 Mbps (ALL-I) or 50 Mbps (IPB)

Black Magic Pocket Camera: $1000

Sensor Size: 12.48 x 7.02mm (Super 16)
Effective Pixels: (?)
Crop factor: 2.88 (?)
ND Filter: no
Autofocus: yes
ISO (dynamic range): 13 stops
Codec: Apple ProRes 422 (HQ) and CinemaDNG RAW @ 1920 x 1080
Colour space: 4:2:2
Maximum Bit rate: (?) Mbps

Black Magic Cinema Camera: $2000

Sensor Size: 15.81 x 8.88mm
Effective Pixels: 2400 x 1350 (3.2 Megapixels)
Crop factor: 1.7 (?)
ND Filter: no
Autofocus: yes
ISO (dynamic range): 13 stops
Codec: ProRes & DNxHD @ 1920 x 1080; 2.5K RAW @ 2432 x 1366
Colour space: 4:2:2
Maximum Bit rate: (?) Mbps

Canon 5D-Mark III: $3000

Sensor Size: 36 x 24mm (full frame)
Effective Pixels: 5784 x 3861 (22.3 Megapixels)
Crop factor: 1.0
ND Filter: no
Autofocus: yes
ISO: 100 – 12,800
Codec: H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC
Colour space: 4:2:0 + 4:2:2 over HDMI
Maximum Bit rate: 91 Mbps (ALL-I) or 31 Mbps (IPB); full HDMI

Canon C100*: $5,500

Sensor Size: 24.6 x 13.8 (Super 35)
Effective Pixels : 3840 x 2160 pixels (8.29 Megapixels)
Crop factor: 1.5
ND Filter: Mechanical with option of clear, 2, 4, and 6 stops
Autofocus: yes
ISO: 320 to 20,000 in 1/3 stop increments
Codec: H.254 / MPEG-4 AVCHD in MTS format; full raw over HDMI to external recorder
Colour space: 4:2:0; 4:2:2 over HDMI **
Maximum Bit rate: 24Mbps internal; up to 220Mbps via external recorder

Canon C300: $14,000

Sensor Size: 24.6 x 13.8 (Super 35)
Effective Pixels: 3840 x 2160 pixels (8.29 Megapixels)
Crop factor: 1.5
ND Filter: Mechanical with option of clear, 1/64. 1/16, and 1/4
Autofocus: no
ISO: 320 to 20,000 in 1/3 stop increments
Codec: 8 Bit MPEG-2 Long GOP; full raw over HDMI
Colour space: 4:2:2; 4:2:2 over HDMI **
Maximum Bit rate: 50Mbps (CBR) or 35Mbps (VBR); up to 220Mbps via external recorder

* Canon C100 review
‘Super 35mm’ sensor has just eight million effective pixels, and these are grouped into RGGB (Red, green, green, blue) groupings called superpixels. Using this method, the C100 gets rid of the Bayer filter found on most cameras (which provides colour information for the sensor), and instead produces a far more accurate colour image. The smaller pixel count also means hugely reduced noise, yet you still have the two million pixel output required for HD footage. Canon reckons the quality is equivalent to that of a typical 3-chip broadcast TV camera.

If you need something higher-quality, though, there is the option to plug a third-party recorder into the HDMI output, which will deliver a clean, uncompressed 4:2:2 video stream, which is broadcast quality and will satisfy the BBC’s HD standards.

** How to setup the Atomos Ninja II with the Canon C100
The Atomos Ninja 2 is a perfect fit for the C100. In fact Canon worked with Atomos to get it to work as well as it does. I wish the monitor was a little better but for the price it works very well. One of the best features is the C100 will trigger the recorder on the Ninja 2 which is a real plus. It also deals with 24P 3:2 pulldown.

Sensor Size | Crop Factor | Bit Rates | Broadcast Defined | Product Comparison

 

By |2017-04-10T11:17:36-04:00November 13th, 2013|Film & Video|0 Comments

Digital Film – Broadcast Defined

What, exactly, does “broadcast quality” mean?

The answer varies, depending upon the nation in which you are applying your digital film, the broadcaster, and the medium by which it will be delivered to the indented audience. A few standards are presented here.

We’ll start with the traditional television platforms:

NTSC: 30 fps
PAL: 25 fps

In the United States, the ATSC (US) A/53 standard uses MPEG-2 video at the Main Profile at High Level (MP@HL), with additional restrictions such as the maximum bitrate of 19.4 Mbit/s for broadcast television and 38.8 Mbit/s for cable television, 4:2:0 chroma sub-sampling format, and mandatory colorimetry information.

In Great Britain, the BBC Broadcast Standards are (at the time of this writing) at a higher bit rate and chroma sub-sampling format level.

 

By |2017-04-10T11:17:36-04:00November 13th, 2013|Film & Video|0 Comments

Digital Film – Bit Rates

The bit rate is the number of bits of data produced each second by a digital film camera. While there are two places to measure this, the traditional (and important) number is the bit rate correlated to that which is literally written to the digital storage medium.

This number differs from the maximum potential of the sensor (CCD) and governing microprocessor prior to the application of the compression codec. When a camera is enable to export directly to digital storage or over HDMI in an uncompressed raw format, this represents the maximum potential data rate produced by that camera. However, some cameras, such as the RED produce a compressed raw as the fully uncompressed raw would be an overwhelming volume, truly more than anyone would ever need.

Here is a table which provides a breakdown of some the industry standard bit rates, represented from the Wikipedia page (above):

16 kbit/s – minimum for a consumer-acceptable “talking head” picture
128–384 kbit/s – business-oriented videoconferencing
1.5 Mbit/s max – VCD quality (MPEG1)
3.5 Mbit/s typ — Standard-definition television quality (MPEG-2)
9.8 Mbit/s max – DVD (MPEG2)
8 to 15 Mbit/s typ – HDTV quality (MPEG-4 AVC)
19 Mbit/s approx — HDV 720p (MPEG2)
24 Mbit/s max — AVCHD (MPEG4 AVC)
25 Mbit/s approx — HDV 1080i (MPEG2)
29.4 Mbit/s max – HD DVD
40 Mbit/s max – Blu-ray Disc (MPEG2, AVC or VC-1)

At the time of this writing, 38.8 Mbit/s and above is used by Broadcasters for various formats.

 

By |2017-04-10T11:17:36-04:00November 13th, 2013|Film & Video|0 Comments
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